Protocols of TCP ip

File Transfer Protocol - FTP
Operates on TCP Ports 20 21
Not secure!
Standard network protocol used for transferring computer files
Built on client-server architecture
Can be encrypted/secured through SSL/TLS or SSH
FTP - TCP Connection oriention
TFTP - UDP connectionless

Secure Shell - SSH
Operates on TCP port 22
SCP and S/FTP both use SSH and also use port 22
Two major versions - SSH-1 & SSH-2
Graphical Network Protocol
Used over unsecure networks
Includes remote command line login & execution
Uses a Client-Server Architecture

Telnet
Operates on TCP port 23
Not Secure! - Transmits in plain text
Stands for Teletype Network
Used on the Internet of on a Local Area Network
One of the first internet standards
Used to establish a connection to TCP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - SMTP
Operates on TCP port 25 (there are othe commonly used ports now)
Operates at the Application Layer
Communication protocol for email transmission
Widely used today in email servers and other message transfer agents
Used to send and receive emails and uses TCP
Used to send email fom mail server to mail server - UP or Side to side
“Send Mail To People”

Terminal Access Controlller, Access Contol System - TACACS+
Operates on TCP port 49
Separates the authentication, authorization and accounting functions
Supports authorization of router commands on a per user or per group basis
Uses TCP and encrypts the entire body of the packet

Domain Name(ing) Service - DNS
Operates at Port53
A naming system used by computers and services connected to the internet
Hierarchical and decentralized in structure
Associated domain names assigned to participating computers and services
Servers as the Phone Book for the internet by translating human friendly hostnames and IP addresses.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - DHCP
Operates on TCP port 67 68
A network management protocol used on IP networks
DHCP servers assign IP address and other network configuration parameters
Allows computers to request IP addresses
Without DHCP, IP addresses for network devices need to be manually assigned.
DORA - Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge

Trivial File Transfer Protocol - TFTP
Operates on Port 69
Simple FTP that allows clients to file(s) from a remote host
Primarily used in early stages of compter booting in a LAN
TFTP - UDP connectionless
FTP - TCP Connection oriention

Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP
Operates at Port 80
Operates on the Application Layer
Not Secure!
An Application Protocol
Used for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia infomation systems
Foundation of communication for the World Wide Web
Designed to permit network elements to improve or enable communications between clients and servers

Post office protocol - POP
Uses port 110
Used when a client system downloads mail from the mail server
Currently (2021) using version POP3

Network Time Protocol - NTP
Operates Port 123
Used to synchronize network systems
Managing, securing, planning and debugging require accurate timing
Kerberos, particularily, require time synchronization

Internet Mail Application Protocol - IMAP
Operates at Port 143
Used to download email from mail server

Simple Network Management Protocol - SNMP
Operates at Port 161
Agent - network devices contain SNMP agents
Central Manager - A manager or management system responsible to communicate with the SNMP agent implemented network devices
Management Information Base (MIB) - Every SNMP agent maintains an information database describing the managed device parameters. The SNMP manager uses this database to request the agent for specific information and further translates the information as needed for the Network Management System (NMS).
Only version 3 uses encryption to secure information

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol - LDAP
Uses Port 389 or 636 (secure LDAP)
Hierarchical Structure used for Directory Services
Database format/structure for Active directory or other directory services
LDAP think Domain Controller/Windows or Authentication Server
LDAP is the protocol that allows the hierachical stucture of organizations/servers

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure - HTTPS
Uses Port 443
Uses SSL and TLS (1.2 and 1.3 currently) protocols to provide secure transmission of information across the internet

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Services - RADIUS
Uses 1812 and 1813 and operates at the Application layer
Provides Central Authentication for remote devices like dial-up, VPN and Wi-Fi clients
Similar to TACACS+ - Radius alllows a centralized location to confiugure policies an rules
RADIUS only encrypts a piece of data, which includes the authentication information (password)
Supplicant - device that initiates the connection. The remote device that wants to connect to the local area network.
Supplicant has to connect to an Authenticator
Wi-Fi coinrnetc to access point
dial up connects to a remote access server
VPN connects to a VPN server
The polices and decsions are made on the Authenticator/VPN server, Remote access point.
similar Protocol DIAMETER

Remote Desktop Protocol - RDP
Uses port 3389
Provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection
Dangerous if unfettered from outside the network

Realtime Transfer Protocol (RTP)
Uses port 5004, 5005
handles real time traffic, like audio and video, of the internet
RTP must be used with UDP
supports MPEG and MJPEG
helps in media mixing, sequencing and time-stamping
Voice over Internet Protocol - VoIP
Video Teleconferencing over the internets
Internet Audio and Video Steaming