Main

Application Layer- Layer 7
Layer with the most intelligence vs. other layers

Protocols that drive the applications with which users interface
Protocols have direct access to your data

Certificate services - used to provide authentication for individuals or systems
Non-repudiation, application integration, deep packet inspecrtion

Proxy servers - high end deep packet inspection devices give us a really good understanding and inspection of content and traffic of information

Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) - specific to web traffic but provides protection and focuses on HTTP
Good protection against Web attacks

Different protocols that manage how applications are allowed to send and receive over the network.
They manage how data is able to create sessions and use resources
Allows our application  communicate with our network
HTTP, POP#3 SMTP